Phantom power is a method of supplying power to certain types of microphones, specifically condenser microphones, which require an external power source to operate. This power is delivered through the same microphone cable that carries the audio signal, usually via the XLR cable.
Key Points about Phantom Power:
- Voltage: It typically provides a 48 volts DC (though some devices may use 12V or 24V) to the microphone.
- How it's delivered: It is "phantom" because it is sent along the same two wires (the signal lines) in the XLR cable, without affecting the audio signal. The power is injected equally across both signal conductors and the ground, hence the term "phantom."
- Used for: Primarily for condenser microphones (which require external power to polarize the diaphragm and power the internal electronics). Dynamic microphones and ribbon microphones do not need phantom power, and most of the time, they will be unaffected if phantom power is applied. However, certain ribbon mics can be damaged by phantom power.
- Why it’s needed: Condenser mics have an internal capacitor that needs a charge, and the microphone’s circuitry (such as the FET) requires a low-voltage current. This is what phantom power provides.
How it's supplied:
- Mixers and audio interfaces typically have a button or switch to enable phantom power, which then routes the 48V through the XLR connection to power the microphone.
Important Notes:
- Condenser mics: They require phantom power to operate properly, as they have active components like a FET (Field Effect Transistor) or an amplifier.
- Dynamic mics: These do not require phantom power, as they operate on a completely different principle (moving coil and magnet) and don’t have any active components that need power.
- Ribbon mics: Most ribbon mics don’t require phantom power, and it can potentially damage them if it's applied. Some modern ribbon mics are designed to handle phantom power, but it’s important to check the manufacturer's guidelines.
In practice, phantom power is essential for making sure your condenser microphone works, and it's common to find it in most modern audio interfaces, mixing boards, and preamps.
By the Stealify Team!
Check out our MIDI Pack collection to help you produce hit songs faster & easier! Simply drag and drop! https://stealifysounds.com/collections/frontpage